Do animals have language?

• A. Yes
• B. No
• C. Some animals have language
• D. It is debated whether any animals have language

Answer: (B)

Language is a system of symbolic communication that uses rules to combine elements in ways that are productive and can express an infinite variety of ideas. Humans uniquely demonstrate this level of grammar and recursive structure, allowing us to create and understand novel sentences.

Animals do communicate—through calls, signals, and songs that can convey specific information like danger or food location—but these systems lack the full, rule-governed grammar and unlimited generativity that define language. They don’t show open-ended, recursive structure or the same level of symbolic abstraction that underpins human language.

So the best answer is that animals do not have language. They have sophisticated forms of communication, but not language in the strict sense. The other options overstate or misstate the current understanding by equating animal signaling with human language or suggesting unresolved controversy about any animal having language.