Which is NOT typically listed as an information-processing improvement in childhood?

• A. Increased speed of processing
• B. Increased automatic processing
• C. Improved inhibitory and executive functions
• D. Decreased working memory

Answer: (D)

Information-processing development in childhood typically involves faster processing speed, more automatic processing with practice, and stronger inhibitory and executive functions. Working memory generally grows with age, increasing the amount of information you can hold and manipulate in mind. So the statement that working memory decreases is not typical of childhood development; it would reflect a decline rather than the usual improvement. The other listed improvements align with common findings: processing speed increases as neural efficiency improves; automatic processing develops as skills become more automatic, freeing cognitive resources; and inhibitory and executive functions strengthen, enabling better attention control, planning, and problem solving.