Which of the following is NOT listed as a sub-field of psychology?

• A. Cognitive psychology
• B. Human factors/Human-Computer Interaction
• C. Evolutionary psychology
• D. Psychoanalysis

Answer: (D)

Sub-fields of psychology are distinct domains that focus on specific areas of behavior and mental processes. Cognitive psychology, human factors/HCI, and evolutionary psychology are commonly recognized as such because they each study particular questions—how we think and learn, how people interact with technology, and how evolutionary influences shape behavior.

Psychoanalysis, on the other hand, is an early theoretical framework and therapeutic approach developed by Freud. It’s typically taught as a historical school or method rather than a modern, separate sub-field that studies a defined domain of behavior. That’s why it’s not listed as a sub-field.